In advancing the concept of gene complexes that they called operons, Jacob and Monod postulated the existence of a class of genes that regulate the function of other genes by affecting the synthesis of messenger RNA. For this work, which has been proven generally correct for bacteria, the two men were awarded a Nobel Prize. Monod's book-length essay Le Hasard et la necessite (1970; Chance and
Necessity) expressed his view that the origin of life and the process
of evolution are the result of chance.
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