Claude turned in 1942 to the electron microscope --an instrument that had not been used in biological research--looking first at separated components, then at whole cells. His demonstration of the instrument's usefulness in this regard eventually helped scientists to correlate the biological activity of each cellular component with its structure and its place in the cell. Claude, who became a citizen of the United States in 1941, returned
in 1949 to Belgium; through a legal process, he held dual citizenship
in the two countries from 1949. While holding professorships at Rockefeller
University (to 1972) and the Universite Libre in Brussels (to 1969),
he served as director (1948-71) of the Jules Bordet Institute.
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