English chemist whose determination of the structure of vitamin B12
brought her the 1964 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. From 1942 to 1949 Hodgkin worked on a structural analysis of penicillin.
She and her colleagues made the first X-ray photograph of vitamin B12,
one of the most complex nonprotein compounds, in 1948, and eventually
they completely determined its atomic arrangement. She completed a similar
three-dimensional analysis of insulin in 1969. Hodgkin received the
Order of Merit in 1965. She helped scientists in India, China and Africa,
and worked for peace as president of the "Pugwash" conferences
and the BAAS.
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